Devanagari page

देवनागरी के लिप्यन्तरण का परीक्षण और प्रशिक्षण

यूनिवर्सिटी ऑफ़ मिशिगन

Mellon Project index page.

(NOTE:  To download (for free) a version of Netsacpe 4.x that best displays the Xdvng Devanagari font from "SillyDog701", click here.   Then scroll about halfway down to find "Netscape Communicator 4.5 ~ 4.8".   I recommend downloading version 4.8.   This will take about three minutes if using a university computer, longer if using a dial-up connection.)
      This page contains instructions in how to key in the source code that underlies the Xdvng font. For easy access to the Roman-Devanagari equivalences, see tables.
      The Xdvng (pronounced  एक्स द्विङ ) Devanagri font displays "dynamically". That means that the user who has a PC and a recent version of Netscape (any version from 4.0 to 4.76 - but not 6.0) can see the fonts simply by directing his browser to this and other pages of Malhar. Others, those using Macs or IE, may see the fonts, too, but they must download and install them first.
      Font installation instructions:
      Macintosh: Once you get to the Xdvng site, double click the link where Xdvng font is linked. It should download the font into your computer - probably in desktop or in fetch folder. Then move the font into Font folder which is under System folder. When you view the page with Xdvng font, you will have to select options > font encoding > user defined on Netscape/Internet explorer.
      PC Windows 95 assumed: once you get to the Xdvng site, download the font into any folder, and move it to: c:\windows\fonts folder. It should work. You have to install the plugin also. Although both fonts and plugins are free, you may have to take these extra steps before you can actually see the Devanagari that is on the site.
      It is my understanding that the Xdvng font is freeware. If you wish to use it in a Webpage, you may download xdvng.ttf from here and install it on your hard-drive. Or you may HXBURN it into your page.
      Each time that you want to have Devanagari show on the user's screen, prefix [FONT SIZE="+1" FACE="Xdvng" COLOR=#FF0000"] to the left and suffix [/FONT] to the right (using the angle brackets rather than the square ones). What should go in between is determined by the correspondences given in the tables below. For each symbol, I have shown the sequence of strokes. These must be typed in one after another without interruption (except where you want there to be a space between words).
      For example, to type the Marwari word लूण 'salt', start with the prefix [FONT SIZE="+1" FACE="Xdvng" COLOR=#FF0000"], then type "l" (which Netscape will show as ल्), then [to complete the first consonant] type the colon ":" (which will be shown as :). The long "uu"-matra is made by typing "&" immediately followed by "#" immediately followed by the number "220" immediately followed by ";" (These six symbols, if typed without any spaces between them or between them and their neighbors, will be read by Netscape as the long "uu" matra | ू). The final consonant requires use of the Mac "option" key together with the "shift" key. Press them both at the same time and type "Q". (What you'll see on the source page is a "N". What you should see on the corresponding Webpage is ण्.) Use the ":" to complete the ण and finally type the suffix [/font] (using the angle brackets, not the square ones).
      If you want to know more about Xdvng, there are a number of Websites that use it or discuss it. Unfortunately some links have lapsed over time. Here is a link to Sandeep Sibal's very useful site JTRANS.
      If you need a handy guide to the basic Xdvng character set, go to conversion tables and print. I've included the same set of tables below, after which comes a list of the complete set of ASCII - Xdvng glyph equivalences in a less user-friendly form. The full set allows the display of Marathi and Sanskrit in addition to Hindi-Urdu:
   




Vowels
   अ = A    आ = Aa    इ = E    ई = I
   उ = u    ऊ = U    ऋ = ? or & # 256 ;
   ए = O    ऐ = O & # 240 ;    ओ = A a & # 240 ;    और = A a & # 242 ;
   




Matras
   ह = h    हा = h a    हि = e h    ही = h i
   हु = h & # 216 ;    हू = h & # 220 ;    हृ = & # 198 ;    ( पृ = p: & # 224 ; )
   हे = h & # 240 ;    है = h & # 242 ;    हो = h a & # 240 ;    हौ = h a & # 242 ;

   





Consonants
   क = k    ख = K :    ग = g :    घ = G :    ङ = {
   च = c :    छ = C    ज = j :    झ = J :    ञ् = W
   ट = X    ठ = Y    ड = R    ढ = Z    ण = N :
   त = t :    थ = T :    द = d    ध = D :    न = n :
   प = p :    फ = P    ब = b :    भ = B :    म = m :
   य = y :    र = r    ल = l :    व = v :              
   श = S :    ष = \ :    स = s :    ह = h              
 Dotteds                               'r' + matra 
   क़ = q    ख़ = Q :                  रु = ,    रू = -
   ग़ = ^ :    ज़ = z :
   ड़ = _    ढ़ = `
   फ़ = f

   




 Conjunct forms
   क् +  ऋ =  कृ = k & #225;  क =  क्क = V k  र = क्र = #  ष = क्ष = x :
   ङ् +  क =  ङ्क = & #162;  ख = ङ्ख = & #163;  ग = ङ्ग = & #164;  घ = ङ्घ = & #165;
   ट् +  क = ट्क = & #171;  ट = ट्ट = & #172;  ठ = ट्ठ = & #173;  य = ट्य = & #174;
 र = ट्र = X & #212; & #206;
   ठ् +  य = ठ्य = & #175;
   ड् +  ग = ड्ग = & #176;  ड = ड्ड = & #178;  य = ड्य = & #180;  र = ड्र = R & #212; & #206;
   त् +  त = त्त = & #182; :  र = त्र = * :
   द् +  ग = द्ग = & #183;  द = द्द = & #184;  ध = द्ध = & #185;  भ = द्भ = & #187;
     म = द्म = & #188;  य = द्य = & #189;  र = द्र = d & #211;  व = द्व = & #190;
   न् +  न = न्न = & #192 ;
   श् +  च = श्च = & # 193; :  र = श्र = & # 194; :  व = श्व = & # 195; :
   ष +  ट = ष्ट = & #196;  ठ = ष्ठ = & #197;
   ह +  ऋ = हृ = & #198;  ण = ह्ण = & #199;  न = ह्न = & #200;  म = ह्म = & #201;
     य = ह्य = & #202;  र = ह्र = & #203;  ल = ह्ल = & #204;  व = ह्व = & #205;

        In the following chart, the first set of symbols require numbers (and can be input from either a Mac or PC). If you intend to embed the font so that it displays dynamically (to allow users to see Devanagari without their having to download anything other than your webpage), then you must advise them to use Netscape 4.5 (or higher) on a PC.
& # 161 ; = ¡ = ि
& # 162 ; = ¢ = ङ्क ... & # 163 ; = £ = ङ्ख ... & # 164 ; = ¤ = ङ्ग ... & # 165 ; = ¥ = ङ्घ
& # 166 ; = ¦ = ङ्ङ ... & # 167 ; = § = ङ्न ... & # 168 ; = ¨ = ङ्म ... & # 169 ; = © = ङ्य
& # 170 ; = ª = छ्य ... & # 171 ; = « = ट्क ... & # 172 ; = ¬ = ट्ट ... & # 173 ; = ­ = ट्ठ
& # 174 ; = ® = ट्य ... & # 175 ; = ¯ = ठ्य ... & # 176 ; = ° = ड्ग ... & # 177 ; = ± = ड्घ
& # 178 ; = ² = ड्ड ... & # 179 ; = ³ = ड्म ... & # 180 ; = ´ = ड्य ... & # 181 ; = µ = ढ्य
& # 182 ; = ¶ = त्त् ... & # 183 ; = · = द्ग ... & # 184 ; = ¸ = द्द ... & # 185 ; = ¹ = द्ध
& # 186 ; = º = द्ब ... & # 187 ; = » = द्भ ... & # 188 ; = ¼ = द्म ... & # 189 ; = ½ = द्य
& # 190 ; = ¾ = द्व ... & # 191 ; = ¿ = घ्न् ... & # 192 ; = À = न्न ... & # 193 ; = Á = श्च्
& # 194 ; = Â = श्र् ... & # 195 ; = Ã = श्व् ... & # 196 ; = Ä = ष्ट ... & # 197 ; = Å = ष्ठ
& # 198 ; = Æ = हृ ... & # 199 ; = Ç = ह्ण ... & # 200 ; = È = ह्न ... & # 201 ; = É = ह्म
& # 202 ; = Ê = ह्य ... & # 203 ; = Ë = ह्र ... & # 204 ; = Ì = ह्ल ... & # 205 ; = Í = ह्व
& # 206 ; = Î = |् ... & # 207 ; = Ï = |् ... & # 208 ; = Ð = |् ... & # 209 ; = Ñ = |्
& # 210 ; = Ò = |्र ... & # 211 ; = Ó = |्र ... & # 212 ; = Ô = |्र ... & # 213 ; = Õ = |्र
& # 214 ; = Ö = |्र ... & # 215 ; = × = |्र ... & # 216 ; = Ø = |ु ... & # 217 ; = Ù = |ु
& # 218 ; = Ú = |ु ... & # 219 ; = Û = |ु ... & # 220 ; = Ü = |ू ... & # 221 ; = Ý = |ू
& # 222 ; = Þ = |ू ... & # 223 ; = ß = |ू ... & # 224 ; = à = |ृ ... & # 225 ; = á = |ृ
& # 226 ; = â = |ृ ... & # 227 ; = ã = |ृ ... & # 228 ; = ä = |ॄ ... & # 229 ; = å = |ॄ
& # 230 ; = æ = |ॄ ... & # 231 ; = ç = |ॄ ... & # 232 ; = è = |ॢ ... & # 233 ; = é = |ॢ
& # 234 ; = ê = |ॢ ... & # 235 ; = ë = |ॢ ... & # 236 ; = ì = |ॣ ... & # 237 ; = í = |ॣ
& # 238 ; = î = |ॣ ... & # 239 ; = ï = |ॣ ... & # 240 ; = ð = |े ... & # 241 ; = ñ = |े
& # 242 ; = ò = |ै ... & # 243 ; = ó = |ै ... & # 244 ; = ô = |ॅ ... & # 245 ; = õ = |ॅ
& # 246 ; = ö = |ं ... & # 247 ; = ÷ = |ं ... & # 248 ; = ø = |ं ... & # 249 ; = ù = |ं
& # 250 ; = ú = |ँ ... & # 251 ; = û = |ँ ... & # 252 ; = ü = |र् ... & # 253 ; = ý = |र्
& # 254 ; = þ = |र्ं ... & # 255 ; = ÿ = |र्ं ... & # 256 ; = Ā = ऋ ...
Second table: One-to-one mapped keystrokes.
` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = = ढ़ १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ ॰ रू ॡ
shift ` shift1 shift2 shift3 shift4 shift5 shift6 shift7 shift8 shift9 shift0 shift- shift= = ं ॐ ॠ क्र ज्र ज़्र ग़् .ाम्प्ऌ त्र् फ़्र प्र ड़ स्र
q w e r t y u i o p [ ] \ = क़ ज्ञ िर त् य् उ ी ईं प् फ् क़् ष्
shiftq shiftw shifte shiftr shiftt shifty shiftu shifti shifto shiftp shift- shift] shift\ = ख़् ञ् इ ड थ् ठ ऊ ई ए फ ङ ॰ ऽ
a s d f g h j k l ; ' = ा स् द फ़ ग् ह ज् क ल् ऌ फ्र
shifta shifts shiftd shiftf shiftg shifth shiftj shiftk shiftl shift; shift' = अ श् ध् फ़् घ् : झ् ख् ळ : .क़उईंत्ऌ
z x c v b n m , . / =ज़् क्ष् च् व् ब् न् म् रु । ॥
shiftz shiftx shiftc shiftv shiftb shiftn shiftm shift, shift. shift/ = ढ ट छ क् भ् ण् ळ् .ल्त्ऌ .ग्त्ऌ ऋ
If you are keying in with a Mac you have the following additional options:
opt1 opt2 opt3 opt4 opt5 opt6 opt7 opt8 opt9 opt0 opt- opt= =अ त्र् क्र .क़उईंत्ऌ ॰ ज्र .ाम्प्ऌ ज़्र ऌ .ल्त्ऌ फ रू
shopt1 shopt2 shopt3 shopt4 shopt5 shopt6 shopt7 shopt8 shopt9 shopt0 shopt- shopt= =ढ फ् ष् क़् ग़् ड़ ढ़ ॐ ा ब् ख़् ब्
optq optw opte optr opt opty optu opti opto optp opt[ opt] opt\ =ए ७ स्र फ़्र ४ रु व् ऋ ९ ड थ् घ्
shoptq shoptw shopte shoptr shopty shoptu shopti shopto shoptp shopt- shopt] shopt\ = ण् च् स्र द ग् रु व् ॥ ८ श् ऊ :
opts optd optf optg opth optj optk optl opt; opt' =फ्र ६ ध् प्र ज़् फ़् ङ भ् ई .ग्त्ऌ
shopts shoptd shoptf shoptg shopth shoptj shoptk shoptl shopt: shopt" = ज् क ल् ॰ न् ईं प् क़ र ।
optz optx optc optv optb optn optm opt, opt. opt/ =ॡ इ छ : ज्ञ५ २ ३ क्
shoptz shoptx shoptc shoptv shoptb shoptn shoptm shopt, shopt. shopt/ = ऽ ं ञ् उ ज्ञ िक्ष् य् ॠ
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Posted: May 1999. Updated: 20 Sept 1999. Revamped: 29 Jan and 3-5 Feb 2001. Corrected 27 Sep 2001. IE-enabled 28 June 2004.