यूनिवर्सिटीज़ ऑफ़
विर्जिनिया ऐंड मिशिगन
Key to exercise on compound verbs in पड़-
1a. चेचक
फूट पड़ी। 'Smallpox broke
out.' (see Bahri's
श्ािक्षाथीर्
हिन्दी- अँग्रेज़ी
श्ाब्दकोश्ा.)
1b. बोतल
फूट गई। 'The bottle broke.'
Explanation: In (1b) the event of bursting
leads to the destruction of the bottle. It "goes away". In
(1a) the breaking out of the disease leads to its presence, not
its absence. Compare remarks about लौट पड़ versus लौट जा in notes.
2. किताब मिल
गई ! 'Found the book!'
Explanation (speculative): The event
of getting or finding
denoted by मिल- can only
lead to the presence of the book, not to its absence.
Vector जा's residual
sense of going away is canceled out and with it the need to
express a contrast by using vector पड़.
3a. मैं
... जान गया
कि ... 'I learnt from his
sister that he was sick.'
3b. मुझे ... जान पड़ा कि ...
'I learnt from his sister that he was sick.'
(see Bahri's श्ाब्दकोश्ा.)
3c. मैं
ने ... जान
लिया कि ... 'I learnt
from his sister that he was sick.'
Explanation: In this set of three the distribution
of vectors is determined by grammar. In (3b) the use of vector
पड़ is the remnant of an
old passive. The phrase जान
पड़ is now a fixed expression which means 'seem' or
(in 3b) 'learn' or 'find out' and which requires को of experiencer (= the person
who found out). The construction in (3a) is
straightforward. Use of vector जा implies the learning or finding
out did not involve effort. Contrast (3a) with the more
deliberate जान लिया of
(3c).
4a. दादा की गाड़ी
... बोल जाएगी।
'Grampa's car (was so
bad it) looked as if at any moment it would give up the
ghost.'
4b. दादा की
तसवीर ... बोल
पड़ेगी।
'Grampa's portrait
(was so good it) looked as if at any moment it would speak.'
Explanation (speculative): Does the
existence of a special idiom बोल जा 'break down entirely;
stop working' favor the use of vector पड़ when commoner meanings of
बोल are intended?
5a. राय साहब का
मुँह गिर गया। (from
गोदान )
'Ray Sahib's
face fell.'
5b. बच्चा
मुँह के बल गिर पड़ा /
गया।
(adapted from गोदान )
'The boy fell on his
face.'
Explanation: If गिर पड़ा were used in (5a) the sense
would be something like 'Ray Sahib's face fell down', like a
mango from a tree!
6a. सेना
श्ाहर पर टूट पड़ी ... 'Like a
tiger the army fell on the city.'
6b. खोपड़ी
पत्थर पर टूट गई ... 'Like a
teacup the coconut broke on the rock.'
Explanation: The role of subject in
the idiomatic expression टूट
पड़- 'attack' is an unlikely one for a coconut.
7a. ... आँखों से ... आँसू निकल पड़े।
(from
गोदान )
'...tears of joy flowed
from Govindi's eyes.'
7b. ... रुपए हाथ
से निकल गए ...
(from गोदान )
'... if I lose the
money, I'll be ruined.'
Explanation: It is possible to use
गए in (7a) as well as the
पड़े that
प्रेमचन्द chose.
However, in (7b) using पड़े instead of गए would work against the sense of
loss. Compare a similar explanation for the गई in (1b).
8. वह
पुलिस के सामने फूट पड़ा।
'He revealed everything to the police.'
(see Bahri's श्ाब्दकोश्ा.)
Explanation: The use of vector
जा instead of पड़ would denote an actual physical
explosion.
9a. गाड़ी निकल गई । एक–एक करके कुली स्टेशन के बाहर चले गए ।
प्लेटफार्म पर मौन छा गया ।
(from भीष्म साहनी's story "माता–विमाता")
'The train left. One by one
the porters went out of the station. Silence spread over the platform.'
9b. फटाफट पानी के दो बाॅटल और एक काॅफी लेकर वापस आ ही रहे थे
कि ट्रेन निकल पड़ी ।
हमें जल्दी से दूसरी बोगी में चढ़ना पड़ा।
(from yayawari-sanjiv.blogspot.com/2015/06 )
'We were hurrying back with two bottles of water
and a coffee when the train started.
We had to quickly get into a different bogey.'
Explanation: In (9a) the train leaves the scene but we as readers are still
at the station. In (9b) we are back [just barely]
on board the train. Compare a similar explanation
for निकल पड़ी in (10) in the notes.
Back to exercise.
To notes on पड़ as vector.
To index of grammatical notes.
To index of मल्हार .
Drafted and posted 23-27 Jul 2004.
Checked and commented on by श्री
सूर्य मित्तल and डॉ॰ सुरेश
कुमार Aug 2004. Emended 17 Aug 2004.